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| HUMAN DISEASE AND CAUSATIVE AGENT |
Any microorganism live and
multiply inside human body are called parasite. The body which the parasite
lives is called host, in this case; the body is harboring the parasite. When
the parasite live freely without causing any harm to the host, they are called co-mensal, why dose
parasite that cause harm to their host are called pathogen.
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| MICROSCOPIC OF COCCI |
Parasite live in a varieties
form, in some case pathogenic parasite may assume co mensal, while co-mensal
assume pathogenic form. Some microorganism derived benefit from their host, and
also their host drive benefit from them, this form of relationship is called
symbiosis, but a situation where by only one partner benefit, and this is
called sattelism.
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| VISUAL |
Some of the microorganism prefers
dead material for there harboring, such microorganism are called saprophyte.
Microorganism cause infection to human being when it penetrate the host body
surfaces, and enter the body tissue, multiply, in this state infection has said
to have taken place. An infection that causes noticeable impairment of the body
is called infectious disease. Disease is a process, and as a result of interaction
between the host and the pathogen. In some case the host confer resistance or
as susceptibility to the pathogen. Microorganism penetrate the surface of the
host such, as skin, mucus membrane, intestinal epithelium these normally act as
barrier to them, but many pathway in the first stage by attaching the exact
receptor on the surfaces cell and multiply when they are on favorable
condition, in these case, they start replication and spreading infection on the
epithelium surface before they been release directly to the exterior. The
organism the have these ability are diphtheria and streptococcus infection,
while some penetrate more deeply into the body by breaking the barrier surface
and invade the epithelial tissue in these case the pathogen inhibit body
defense mechanism nonviable phagocyte cells and the organ responsible for
antibody production. Phagocyte is a very important cell in the body system; they
work by engulfing bacteria, Phagocyte secret a molecule cover micro-bicidal
molecule so the bacteria which are injected by phagocyte are subjected to this
molecule for final decision. The micro-bicidal molecule produce by phagocyte
are hydrochloric acid, defensins, superoxide, serpprocidin. These substances
kill and crush the bacteria subjected to them. Because of these, some bacteria
also have develop of escaping phagocyte killing by possessing a capsules that
prevent the microbial molecule to kill them, or they produce some toxic
substance called leucocidin these substance kill phagocyte of the host. Some
posses a similar substance like that of their host, in this case they cause
confusion between the host substance and their pathogen, their by make it
difficult for the body mechanism to recognize them. Once this occurs, they
cause excessive damage to the host. The damage cause by this pathogen to the
host comes in different reason by involving in toxin production. The toxin
produce are of two types base on the environment which they are secreted into;
if the toxin produce are secreted to the environment where the organism exist,
is called exotoxin. While toxin produce that are secreted into the environment
to lysis of the organism this are called endotoxin. The Gram positive bacteria
are the one that mainly produce exotoxin , and they are destroy at temperature
of 60ºC.
| DISEASE CUSUATIVE AGENT |
Endotoxin are produce by
Gran-Negative bacteria, they are found on their cell wall component, they can
with stand up to a temperature of 100ºC the endotoxin are render no toxic by
addition of formalin or by heat temperature above 100ºC if the active of this
conversion have no any immunological effect, they can be used to produce active
immunity in human and animal against toxin termed toxiod.
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